Octane ratings of some combustible substances

• Resources Structure
• Key Stage 4
• Chemistry
• XIV. Useful products from organic sources
• 70. Cracking and combustion of hydrocarbons

• Exam Specifications
• Key Stage 4
• AQA GCSE Science A (4461) Chemistry
• I. Chemistry 1a – Products from Rocks
• 3. How do we get fuels from crude oil?
• Some properties of hydrocarbons depend on the size of their molecules. These properties influence how hydrocarbons are used as fuels.
• II. Chemistry 1b – Oils, Earth and Atmosphere
• 1. How are polymers and ethanol made from oil?
• Hydrocarbons can be broken down (cracked) to produce smaller, more useful molecules. This process involves heating the hydrocarbons to vaporise them and passing the vapours over a hot catalyst. A thermal decomposition reaction then occurs.
• The products of cracking include alkanes and unsaturated hydrocarbons called alkenes. Alkenes have the general formula CnH2n
• Some of the products of cracking are useful as fuels.
• Ethene can be reacted with steam in the presence of a catalyst to produce ethanol.
• Alkenes can be used to make polymers such as poly(ethene) and poly(propene). In these reactions, many small molecules (monomers) join together to form very large molecules (polymers).
• AQA GCSE Additional Science (4463) Chemistry
• II. Additional materials
• 1. Additional materials
• Additional materials
• AQA GCSE Chemistry (4421)
• I. Chemistry 1
• 13. How are polymers and ethanol made from oil?
• Hydrocarbons can be broken down (cracked) to produce smaller, more useful molecules. This process involves heating the hydrocarbons to vaporise them and passing the vapours over a hot catalyst. A thermal decomposition reaction then occurs.
• The products of cracking include alkanes and unsaturated hydrocarbons called alkenes. Alkenes have the general formula CnH2n
• Some of the products of cracking are useful as fuels.
• Ethene can be reacted with steam in the presence of a catalyst to produce ethanol.
• Alkenes can be used to make polymers such as poly(ethene) and poly(propene). In these reactions, many small molecules (monomers) join together to form very large molecules (polymers).
• 12. How do we get fuels from crude oil?
• Some properties of hydrocarbons depend on the size of their molecules. These properties influence how hydrocarbons are used as fuels.

• Exam Specifications
• Key Stage 5

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